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The simplest, fastest repository for training/finetuning medium-sized GPTs.

★ 63K10,881 forksPythonMITkarpathy

Minimal, readable ~300-line PyTorch repo for training and finetuning GPT-2-scale models; reproduces GPT-2 124M on OpenWebText. Author marks it deprecated in favor of the newer nanochat, but it remains a compact hacking/education base.

Use Cases

Train a GPT from scratchFinetune GPT-2 on custom textReproduce GPT-2 124M on OpenWebTextTrain character-level language modelsSample/generate text from trained checkpointsLearn transformer internals via readable codeMulti-GPU/multi-node DDP trainingStudy scaling laws and transformer sizingHack a minimal training loop for research

Built With

Language
Python
Frameworks
PyTorch · HuggingFace Transformers · HuggingFace Datasets · tiktoken · wandb · numpy · tqdm

Tags

gpt · llm-training · finetuning · transformer · pytorch · gpt-2 · text-generation · minimal · educational · ddp · character-level · openwebtext · shakespeare · reproduction · deprecated · nanochat

nanoGPT — Vibe Coding Discover